Projets-2015-2016-IaaS Docker

= Project presentation =

Introduction
The objective of this project is to allow a user group (member) to pool their laptops or desktop in order to calculate big data of few users. To do so, the solution should work with Docker to virtualize user machines and control the use of resources of each machine.

Project under GPLv3 licence : https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.fr.html

The team
RICM5 students


 * EUDES Robin
 * DAMOTTE Alan
 * BARTHELEMY Romain
 * MAMMAR Malek
 * GUO Kai

DUT Students


 * BONNARD Loïc
 * CAPERAN Théo

Supervisors Pierre-Yves Gibello (Linagora), Vincent Zurczak (Linagora), Didier Donsez

Deliverables
Github repository

Waffle.io

= Planning =



Week 1: January 25th - January 31th

 * Getting familiar with Docker (for some of the group members)
 * Fix Docker's DNS issue using public network (wifi-campus/eduroam)
 * Contacting our supervisors
 * First thoughts on this project, what we could do
 * Redaction of specifications, creation of architecture diagrams
 * Create scripts that start/stop containers automatically (some modifications still need to be done)

Week 2: February 1st - February 7th

 * Manage and limit space disk usage of each container, limit resources allocation at containers' launch.
 * CPU and memory allocation: ok
 * Docker doesn't seem to implement easy way to limit container's disk usage: implementing a watchdog (script) which will check container's disk usage and stop those that exceed a limit
 * Think about restricted access to Docker containers: for the moment, providers are admin and can easily access to containers
 * See how instances can easily give their network information to coordinator
 * Get familiar with Shinken and study the possibilities
 * Speficication of technologies used
 * End of specification redaction + feedback from tutors
 * Start to work on Meteor-AngularJS tutorials
 * Configure a personal VM for the frontend & setup meteor-angular on it

Week 3: February 8th - February 14th

 * Objective for this week: get a prototype that contains a basic front-end which make it possible to launch remote Docker instance.
 * Container deployment:
 * Deploy all containers on the same network: that allows us to connect to the instances from the coordinator
 * Create user on host: will be used to connect ourselves in ssh from coordinator instance to host and launch deployment scripts
 * Create script that totally automatize user creation, images creation and build, coordinator's and shinken's containers launch
 * At the end of the week, the prototype is working: we can launch an instance an a provider machine from the front-end. We still need to establish and test the connection between a client and his instance. We have a good cornerstone of our project yet.

Week 4: February 15th - February 21th

 * Try to establish connection between a client and his container
 * Continue client/provider's web page development on front-end
 * Start editing help page
 * Correct some responsive effects on the site
 * Container deployment:
 * Implements bandwidth restriction
 * Create script that automatically set client public key in container's authorized_keys file, modify some script to automatically delete client public key in coordinator's authorized_keys file
 * Start to study and set up Rabbitmq (publish from provider to front-end for example)

=What is Docker?= Docker allows you to package an application with all of its dependencies into a standardized unit for software development. Docker containers wrap up a piece of software in a complete filesystem that contains everything it needs to run: code, runtime, system tools, system libraries – anything you can install on a server. This guarantees that it will always run the same, regardless of the environment it is running in.

Lightweight: Containers running on a single machine all share the same operating system kernel so they start instantly and make more efficient use of RAM. Images are constructed from layered filesystems so they can share common files, making disk usage and image downloads much more efficient.

Open: Docker containers are based on open standards allowing containers to run on all major Linux distributions and Microsoft operating systems with support for every infrastructure.

Secure: Containers isolate applications from each other and the underlying infrastructure while providing an added layer of protection for the application.

How is this different from virtual machines?


Containers have similar resource isolation and allocation benefits as virtual machines but a different architectural approach allows them to be much more portable and efficient.

Virtual Machines: Each virtual machine includes the application, the necessary binaries and libraries and an entire guest operating system - all of which may be tens of GBs in size.

Containers: Containers include the application and all of its dependencies, but share the kernel with other containers. They run as an isolated process in userspace on the host operating system. They’re also not tied to any specific infrastructure – Docker containers run on any computer, on any infrastructure and in any cloud.

How does this help you build better software?
When your app is in Docker containers, you don’t have to worry about setting up and maintaining different environments or different tooling for each language. Focus on creating new features, fixing issues and shipping software.

Accelerate Developer Onboarding: Stop wasting hours trying to setup developer environments, spin up new instances and make copies of production code to run locally. With Docker, you can easily take copies of your live environment and run on any new endpoint running Docker.

Empower Developer Creativity: The isolation capabilities of Docker containers free developers from the worries of using “approved” language stacks and tooling. Developers can use the best language and tools for their application service without worrying about causing conflict issues.

Eliminate Environment Inconsistencies: By packaging up the application with its configs and dependencies together and shipping as a container, the application will always work as designed locally, on another machine, in test or production. No more worries about having to install the same configs into a different environment.

Easily Share and Collaborate on Applications
Docker creates a common framework for developers and sysadmins to work together on distributed applications

Distribute and share content: Store, distribute and manage your Docker images in your Docker Hub with your team. Image updates, changes and history are automatically shared across your organization.

Simply share your application with others: Ship one or many containers to others or downstream service teams without worrying about different environment dependencies creating issues with your application. Other teams can easily link to or test against your app without having to learn or worry about how it works.

Ship More Software Faster
Docker allows you to dynamically change your application like never before from adding new capabilities, scaling out services to quickly changing problem areas.

Ship 7X More: Docker users on average ship software 7X more after deploying Docker in their environment. More frequent updates provide more value to your customers faster.

Quickly Scale: Docker containers spin up and down in seconds making it easy to scale an application service at any time to satisfy peak customer demand, then just as easily spin down those containers to only use the resources you need when you need it

Easily Remediate Issues: Docker make it easy to identify issues and isolate the problem container, quickly roll back to make the necessary changes then push the updated container into production. The isolation between containers make these changes less disruptive than traditional software models.

= System Architecture =

Coordinator and Frontend details


= Containers automatic deployment =

The aim of this part is to automatize the containers deployment on provider side. This includes launching coordinator instance and monitoring instance (shinken). The coordinator instance will allow us to launch new containers and establish the link between clients et their containers.



Build and run
First step: user creation

Since we can only interact with the coordinator instance from the front-end, we need a way to launch new container. It's not possible to do so from a container, and that task need to be done from the host. That's why the first step is to create a new user on provider machine we will use to launch new containers or stop them. The moment it is done, we deploy necessary scripts in this user's home. Those scripts are necessary to launch and stop new containers. It is simpler for us to do so than transferring those files from the coordinator to the host when the connection is established. Second step: images creation

Then, the second step consists in building coordinator and monitoring (shinken) images. To do so we use Dockerfile that allow us to build a container containing all we need. The coordinator instance just contains a ssh web-server. That container exposes it's port 22 and will be used as a jump host to connect the front-end/clients to the other instances.

Third step: coordinator and monitoring instance deployment

Finally, when the images are successfully built, we can run these containers on Docker deamon. We are now able to connect the front-end to the coordinator instance and deploy instances.

Resources management
Docker already provides some functionalities which allow us to restrict CPU and memory usage. However, we needed to implement some functionalities ourselves like space disk usage and bandwidth restriction.

CPU: To restrict CPU usage, we just need to know the hyper-threading coefficient and remember which CPU is already used. There is a Docker option we can use while launching container that allow us to choose which CPU the container will use to run. The example below shows how this works with 4 CPU (and hyper-threading coefficient is 2).



Memory: While launching a container, we set memory soft limit as the value required/reserved by the client. The hard limit is set as the maximum memory made available by the provider In doing so, a container can use more memory that his soft limit. But if several containers are running on the same host, Docker will ensure that each container doesn't consume more memory than his soft limit.

Disk: Docker doesn't seem to provide a functionality to restrict disk usage. And yet, it's really important for us to make sure that a client will not use to much space disk of the provider. To do so, we implemented a watchdog that check every 30 seconds the disk usage of each container and stop them if they reach the limit defined by the provider. We also use that watchdog to inspect and save container's information that will be used on the front-end to display container's state and space disk usage. Thanks to that, clients will know if they are about to reach the limit.

Bandwidth: Since all the containers run on the same Docker network, we are able to use Wondershaper to set a limit for bandwidth usage. Then, Docker takes care to divide equitably the available bandwidth to each container.

= Useful links =

Network related

 * SSH Jump Host

Git related

 * Git tutorials
 * Switch https to ssh - remote url github
 * Multiple SSH keys for github

Docker related

 * Docker official website
 * Docker cycle
 * Understand how Docker works
 * Docker tutorial - Hello world (understand basic commands)
 * Fix Docker's DNS issue with public network

Meteor / MongoDB related

 * Angular Meteor official website
 * MongoDB, the database used
 * Collection2 - A Meteor package that allows you to attach a schema to a Mongo.Collection
 * Asynchronous call in Meteor with fibers/future
 * Notification module used to display pretty notifications